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Mammillichnis CHAMBERLAIN, 1971
Type ichnospecies:
Mammillichnis aggeris CHAMBERLAIN, 1971
Diagnosis:
Conical to subconical, elevated to flat mound with a convex or concave, semicircular apex and a teat-like tubercle at the center of the apex. The mound may be encircled by a shallow furrow on the outer circuit (after CHAMBERLAIN, 1971; UCHMAN, 1998; POKORNÝ et al., 2017).
Derivation of name:
Name derived from teat-like appearance - mamma=breast in Latin and ίχνος (ikhnos) = trace in Greek (CHAMBERLAIN, 1971).
Remarks:
None.
Environment:
Marine, in sandstone beds (CHAMBERLAIN, 1971); marine, in thin-bedded, fine-grained flysch sandstones (KSIĄŻKIEWICZ, 1977); deep-sea fan sandstone deposits (CRIMES et al., 1981), deltaic deposits (EAGAR et al., 1985), lacustrine, in muddy turbidite environment (POKORNÝ et al., 2017).
Known Stratigraphic Range:
Late Precambrian (BEKKER, 2013), Atoka Fm., Mississippian-Pennsylvanian, Ordovician (CHAMBERLAIN, 1971), Carboniferous (EAGAR et al., 1985), Senonian-Oligocene (KSIĄŻKIEWICZ, 1977, CRIMES et al., 1981), Fossárvík-Heiđarvatn Group, Late Miocene, 8-9 Ma (POKORNÝ, et al. 2017).
Known ichnospecies:
Detailed information for each ichnospecies
- Mammillichnis aggeris CHAMBERLAIN, 1971
- Synonymy:
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1971
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Mammilichnis aggeris
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- CHAMBERLAIN, p. 238; Pl. 30 Fig. 6-7.
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1977
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Mammilichnis aggeris
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- KSIĄŻKIEWICZ, p. 53; Fig. 5a-b; Pl. 1 Figs 1-2.
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1981
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Mammilichnis aggeris
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- CRIMES et al., p.975; Pl. 4 Figs 9-10.
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1985
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Mammilichnis aggeris
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- EAGER et al., p. 140; Pl. 1 D.
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1988
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Mammilichnis aggeris
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- PEMBERTON et al., Fig. 11C.
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1998
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Mammilichnis aggeris
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- UCHMAN, p. 107; Figs 1-2. [herein further synonymy]
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- Diagnosis: Small, subhemispherical protuberances on sole of sandstone beds. The mounds consist of a hemicircular apex and a wide, flaring, upper flange. Surface granular with lobes apparent in some places (after CHAMBERLAIN, 1971 [measurments removed]).
Hypichnial mound with a convex or concave apex and a teat-like tubercule at the centre of the apex (diagnosis after UCHMAN, 1998).
- Orientation: ?subvertical, preserved as hypichnial mounds.
- Morphological category (KNAUST, 2012): Subvertical, unbranched, plug-shaped burrows with passive fill.
- Ethological category: Unclear, cubichnia or domichnia (see discussion in PEMBERTON et al., 1988).
- Environment: Marine, in sandstone beds (CHAMBERLAIN, 1971); marine, in thin-bedded, fine-grained flysch sandstones (KSIĄŻKIEWICZ, 1977); deep-sea fan sandstone deposits (CRIMES et al., 1981), deltaic deposits (EAGAR et al., 1985).
- Derivation of name: aggeris = material brought together to form a mound.
- Types: University of Wisconsin, United States of America; Inventary-No.: UW 1467 (holotype).
- Type locality: Ouachita Mountains, SE Oklahoma, United States of America.
- Type horizon: Atoka Formation, Mississippian-Pennsylvanian, Ordovician.
- Geographical distribution: Known amongst other localities from the Ouachita Geosyncline (SE Oklahoma, United States of America); Carpathian Mountains, Poland.
- Remarks: UCHMAN (1998) did not exclude that Mammillichnis CHAMBERLAIN and Laevicyclus QUENSTEDT are related. However, Laevicysclus is in need of a revision and therefore comparison could not be made.
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